Shaped beam from multiple beams using planar phased arrays

This paper proposes a synthesis and optimization procedure to generate user-specific shaped and multiple beams in any arbitrary 3D space. The synthesis method generates independently controllable multiple beams over different azimuth and elevation angles with variable peak powers. These multiple beams can form any user-defined shaped pattern with an optimum number of beams, their power, and placement in the $ \theta, \phi $ theta,phi angles using the proposed direct synthesis method. Different evolutionary algorithms are employed to optimize the beam peak parameters to mitigate the ripple, side lobe level, and beam spread. The synthesis method is validated on a fully functional integrated 5G mmWave phased array for various shaped beam patterns. Measured sector, isoflex beams between $ \theta =\pm 40<^>\circ $ theta=& PLUSMN;40 & LCIRC;, $ csc<^>2 $ csc2, and dual beams with unequal powers are presented and compared with the shaped beam synthesis method.