Intelligent Assessment of Active and Reactive Power Flow with Satisfying Accuracy for $N-k_{1}-k_{2}$ Cascading Outages

Addressed to the $N-k_{1}-k_{2}$ cascading outages, it is computationally burdensome for the reliable calculation of active and reactive power flows. This paper builds a comprehensive framework with three algorithms, including the distribution factor (DF), the Newton-Raphson (NR), and the first iteration of NR algorithm (termed as 1J). Classifiers are designed to determine whether the NR algorithm should be employed for accuracy. Classifier features are extracted upon the analytical error of 1J. As reactive power is partially considered in the 1J but neglected in the DF algorithm, the deviation between the solutions is taken as one crucial feature. The support vector machine (SVM) is then utilized for classifier training. As the deep integration of the causal inference and the statistical paradigm, this framework calculates active and reactive power flows rapidly, reliably, and robustly. The effectiveness and robustness are fully validated in three typical IEEE systems.