Concept of Sustainable Energy System for Smart Cities

Energy fuels the life on the earth. All the fundamental components existing in this biosphere needs energy for their survival. Everything, directly or indirectly, depends on the sun’s energy. Humans and animals need the sun’s heat and light for surviving. Plants need it to conduct the process of photosynthesis. Later when the remanent of these animals and plants is fossilized for millions of years, it results in the creation of various types of fossil fuels depending on the type of fossil, the amount of pressure and heat. These fossil fuels are a great source of energy, but they are finite, the time taken for their formation is a lot as compared to the rate at which they are being used in day-to-day life, making them a non-renewable source of energy. Using fossil fuels like burning coal, using crude oil, petroleum, and natural gas leads to the release of greenhouse gases, giving rise to climate change and environmental degradation. Apart from non-replenishable energy, there is renewable energy derived from renewable sources of energy, as they are naturally replenished on a human timescale like solar energy, hydro energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, and wind energy. Renewable energy is also referred to as clean energy because of its low carbon emission quality. Energy conservation and efficiency are becoming major goals, the world needs to work upon. A lot of energy is wasted on daily basis, which is to be conserved, not only for cutting costs but also for sustainable use of our natural resources.