Microwave-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of Zirconium metal

•The effects of microwaves on laser ablation of Zirconium metal were investigated.•Microwave improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the atomic and ionic emissions of Zirconium.•The molecular formation of ZrO were enhanced and sustained.•The microwave not only influenced the re-ionization in the ablation plasma but also initiated ionization as well.