Identification of optimal irrigation and fertilizer rates to balance yield, water and fertilizer productivity, and fruit quality in greenhouse tomatoes using TOPSIS

•TOPSIS optimization balanced yield, water and fertilizer productivity, fruit quality.•Full irrigation and moderate fertilizer application rate produced best yield.•Deficit irrigation with high fertilizer application rate produced best fruit quality.•Optimal tomato pan coefficient ranges were 0.68–0.83 (spring), 0.68–0.82 (fall).•Optimal fertilization coefficient ranges were 0.98–1.34 (spring), 1.06–1.41 (fall).