Degradation prediction of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack using semi-empirical and data-driven methods

•The degradation test of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system has been done.•A semi-empirical degradation model has been developed with the aging mechanisms.•The semi-empirical model has been validated by steady operations.•A hybrid model is proposed by combing semi-empirical and data-driven models.•The hybrid model can improve the accuracy of long-term predicted results.