Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in children with nephrotic syndrome: a retrospective analysis

Background Nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children is widely believed to be associated with severe changes in the immune system. Based on lymphocyte subset analysis, we examined the pathogenesis of immune deficiencies in children with NS with varying steroid sensitivity. Methods Our study utilized flow cytometry to retrospectively analyze the ratios of lymphocyte subsets in 204 children with nephrotic syndrome and 19 healthy children. Results Compared with healthy children, the ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + in onset and remission was decreased in SRNS group ( p < 0.05), and CD19 + B lymphocytes were increased in onset ( p < 0.05). Compared with onset, the proportion of CD19 + B lymphocytes decreased in SRNS, while the proportion of CD19 + B lymphocytes increased in SDNS, p < (0.01). The ratio of CD8 + T/CD19 + B in onset in SDNS group was significantly higher than that in SSNS and SRNS groups ( p < 0.01) and healthy control group ( p < 0.05). Compared with onset, the ratio of CD8 + T/CD19 + B in SDNS group decreased significantly ( p < 0.01), while the ratio of CD8 + T/CD19 + B in SRNS group increased significantly ( p < 0.01). The proportion of CD56 + CD16 + NK cells was significantly reduced in children with INS ( p < 0.01). Conclusion CD8 + T lymphocytes may be involved in the mechanism of lymphocyte subsets disorder during onset of SDNS, while CD19 + B lymphocytes may be involved in the mechanism of lymphocyte subsets disorder during relapse of SDNS. The CD8 + T/CD19 + B ratio may predict the degree of frequent recurrence. There is a certain degree of lymphoid subsets disorder in children with NS.