Nest-like Ag-doped NiMoO4/NF with rich oxygen vacancies as robust catalysts for highly efficient oxygen evolution

In the first step, the Ag nanoparticles doped Ni(OH)2 nanoflower arrays were directly in situ grown on the NF (Ag-Ni(OH)2/NF) by hydrothermal method. In the second step, the Ag doped NiMo LDH nanorod arrays were directly grow on the NF during the hydrothermal stage with the pyrolysis of was immersed into a solution mixture of Na2MoO4 and urea, which resulted in the precipitation of NiMo LDH/Ag/NF. In the third step, the as-prepared NiMo LDH/Ag/NF was completely converted into NiCo2O4/Ag/NF at elevated temperature in a tube furnace.