Cerebral cavernous malformation: Management, outcomes, and surveillance strategies - A single centre retrospective cohort study

•There is no formal guidance on appropriate surveillance strategies for CCMs.•This study is the first to describe and quantify surveillance strategies for CCMs and their impact on patient outcomes.•We find no significant impact of surveillance frequency on outcomes; surveillance imaging did not change management.•This may stimulate prospective studies and the formulation of formal surveillance guidance for CCMs.•We present a preliminary alternative model for surveillance of patients with CCMs.