Conductive Hearing Loss Estimated From Wideband Acoustic Immittance Measurements in Ears With Otitis Media With Effusion

Objectives:Previous work has shown that wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) is sensitive to the volume of effusion present in ears with otitis media with effusion (OME). Prior work also demonstrates that the volume of the effusion appears to drive, or at least play a significant role in, how much conductive hearing loss (CHL) a child has due to a given episode of OME. Given this association, the goal of this work was to determine how well CHL could be estimated directly from WAI in ears with OME. Design:Sixty-three ears from a previously published study on OME (ages 9 months to 11 years, 2 months) were grouped based on effusion volume (full, partial, or clear) determined during tympanostomy tube placement surgery and compared with age-matched normal control ears. Audiometric thresholds were obtained for a subset of the 34 ears distributed across the four groups. An electrical-analog model of ear-canal acoustics and middle-ear mechanics was fit to the measured WAI from individual ears. Initial estimates of CHL were derived from either (1) average absorbance or (2) the model component thought to represent damping in the ossicular chain. Results:The analog model produced good fits for all effusion-volume groups. The two initial CHL estimates were both well correlated (87% and 81%) with the pure-tone average hearing thresholds used to define the CHL. However, in roughly a third of the ears (11/34), the estimate based on damping was too large by nearly a factor of two. This observation motivated improved CHL estimates. Conclusions:Our CHL estimation method can estimate behavioral audiometric thresholds (CHL) within a margin of error that is small enough to be clinically meaningful. The importance of this finding is increased by the challenges associated with behavioral audiometric testing in pediatric populations, where OME is the most common. In addition, the discovery of two clusters in the damping-related CHL estimate suggests the possible existence of two distinctly different types of ears: pressure detectors and power detectors.