Power quality improvement for 20 MW PEM water electrolysis system

Hydrogen is an important alternative as a clean fuel for industry and power-to-gas energy storage. The water electrolysis process is a promising technology in green hydrogen production where proton exchange membrane (PEM) technology has been keenly interested. Industrial large-scale PEM electrolyzers need a high current power supply. When connected to an alternating current (AC) source, high current power rectifiers are used to convert AC to DC. Currently, the most commonly used topology in large-scale PEM electrolysis systems is the thyristor-based topology due to its technology maturity and low cost. However, this topology presents several drawbacks in terms of power quality and consequently leads to higher stack-specific energy consumption (SEC) and additional losses. In the present research, we demonstrate the potential power quality improvement for a 20 MW PEM water electrolysis system by rectifier topology upgrade. Rather than traditional thyristor-based topology, a 3-phase interleaved buck rectifier topology is proposed. The new topology presents advantages on both AC and DC sides via a validated simulation model, which is built using MATLAB/Simulink and then validated with experimental data from an industrial 20 MW PEM water electrolyzer at Air Liquide's Bécancour plant. Results show a great improvement in terms of power factor, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), and DC-current ripple reducing the total losses and the SEC of the PEM stack, especially under partial load. Towards a higher power efficiency, the proposed rectifier topology may be considered in the construction of future large-scale PEM systems.