Prognostic and therapeutic value of LSM5 gene in human brain cancer Glioma: An omics database exploration approach

This study explored the diagnostic and therapeutic values of the LSM5 gene in two commonest types of gliomas, i.e., lower-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) by exploiting a bioinformatics-based database mining pipeline. LSM5 gene was reported to be upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels in both LGG and GBM tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, overexpression of LSM5 was later observed to be linked with glioma patients' demographic status and advancing cancer stages. Additionally, a differential and distinct methylation pattern of the LSM5 promoter and coding sequence in glioma tissues was reported. The gene of our interest was also discovered to undergo multiple amplification events (frequency of alteration: 1.1%) in both LGG and GBM patients. Furthermore, LSM5 overexpression was reported to be correlated with the poor overall and relapse-free survival of glioma patients. Subsequently, the immune phenotype analysis revealed that the expression of LSM5 correlates with the abundance levels of various immune cells i.e., B cell, T cell, dendritic cell, and immunomodulators, i.e., IL10RB, CD48, CD274 in glioma microenvironment. Finally, functional enrichment analysis of the neighbor genes of LSM5 showed that most of the genes are involved in different pivotal cellular processes like RNA splicing, DNA mismatch repair, and DNA replication. Overall, this study suggests that LSM5 and its downstream products are potential candidates for glioma diagnosis and treatment.