Thermodynamic modeling and optimization of hybrid linear concentrating photovoltaic and mechanically pumped two-phase loop system

Linear concentrating photovoltaic (LCPV) is a promising technology to increase the power density of the solar power generation system. However, the efficiency of LCPV is highly undermined due to inefficient thermal management. Active cooling-based thermal management via a mechanically pumped two-phase loop (MPTL) system can facilitate the heat transfer across LCPV. However, efficient thermal management and waste heat utilization are still challenges due to high heat flux, complex two-phase dynamics, strong internal couplings and dynamic external environment. To simultaneously address these crucial parameters, this paper presents a mathematical model for the hybrid LCPV-MPTL system, including two-phase flow and other auxiliary components. An iterative solution algorithm is proposed to derive the steady-state values under different conditions. Simulations under four operating conditions have been performed based on the developed model, indicating the effects of each parameter. A multi-parameter optimization problem with several constraints is formulated by taking the changing solar irradiation intensity and other environmental factors into account, maximizing the net output of electrical energy while satisfying the safety and operational requirements. Finally, exergy analysis is carried out, showing that the hybridization of MPTL with LCPV can improve its overall exergy efficiency by 6.9%, resulting in high performance PV with greatly controlled cell temperature. In all, the scientifically viable thermal management solution and the underlying design guidelines can be inferred for industrial applications.