Endoscopy, video capsule endoscopy, and biopsy for automated celiac disease detection: A review

Celiac Disease (CD) is a common ailment that affects approximately 1% of the world population. Automated CD detection can help experts during the diagnosis of this condition at an early stage and bring significant benefits to both patients and healthcare providers. For this purpose, scientists have created automatic and semi-automatic CD diagnostic support systems. In this study, we performed information extraction methods that were found useful for efforts to differentiate CD versus non-CD. To focus the review process, only methods for endoscopy, video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and biopsy image analyses were considered. As described herein, we have learned that statistical and non-linear methods are most important for information extraction. These information extraction tools might benefit clinical workflows by reducing intra- and inter-observer variability. However, bias, introduced by resolving design choices during the creation of diagnostic support systems, may limit the general validity of the performance results, impacting the transferability of study outcomes. Therefore, having am overview of information extraction tools. Together with their general and specific limitations, might be assistive in improving the information extraction process. We hope our review results will provide a foundation for the design of next-generation statistical and nonlinear methods that can be used in CD detection systems. We have also compared various review articles and discussed recommendations to improve CD diagnosis. From this review, it is evident that CD diagnosis is slowly moving away from conventional techniques towards advanced deep learning techniques.