Synergistic Mixed-Layer Height Retrieval Method Using Microwave Radiometer and Lidar Ceilometer Observations.

This paper tackles synergistic mixed-layer height (MLH) estimation via a combination of microwave radiometer (MWR) and lidar ceilometer (LC)-based estimates. While MLH-MWR estimates rely on potential temperature retrievals, MLH-LC estimates rely on aerosol gradients. The pros and cons of MLH retrievals obtained from MWR via the parcel method and from LC via an extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based method are used to motivate the synergistic algorithm. The synergistic algorithm is introduced as a maximum-likelihood combination of MLH-MWR and MLH-LC. Two case examples from the 2013 HOPE campaign at Julich, Germany, are used to show the robustness of the synergistic method and the effect of surface temperature measurement error. Doppler wind lidar retrievals and radiosonde reference MLH estimates are used for validation.