3D-Mold'ed In-Security: Mapping Out Security of Indirect Additive Manufacturing.

Additive Manufacturing (AM) - or 3D printing - is increasingly used to produce safety-critical components through the direct and indirect manufacturing of functional parts. The latter of which is achieved by creating molds or mold inserts for various casting techniques. While the security of direct manufacturing using AM has been extensively studied, the security of indirect manufacturing using AM, the sole focus of this paper, has not been considered before. In this paper, we concentrate exclusively on the sabotage security threat concerning mold design and manufacturing. Based on our performed analysis of achievable effects and identified viable attack methods that can be used, we determine that while some aspects are similar between direct and indirect manufacturing, there are distinct characteristics of indirect manufacturing.