A retrospective cohort study of bleeding characteristics and hidden blood loss after segmental pedicle screw instrumentation in neuromuscular scoliosis as compared with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Hidden blood loss constitutes one-third of total blood loss in children undergoing segmental pedicle screw instrumentation for neuromuscular scoliosis. Hidden blood loss is significantly greater in the neuromuscular as compared with idiopathic scoliosis. Hidden blood loss should be considered in the perioperative management of NMS.