Service restoration for resilient distribution system with coordination of battery swapping stations and distributed generations

Due to sufficient energy storage resources and central dispatch, the battery swapping station (BSS) offers a promising solution for the service restoration and resilience enhancement of the distribution system (DS). This paper proposes a joint service restoration strategy for the DS by coordinating BSSs and distributed generations (DGs) with distribution network reconfiguration. Firstly, the spatio-temporal distribution of battery swapping demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is analyzed. On this basis, the participation of the BSS in the DS service restoration is investigated, and the model of restoration capacity for the BSS is established, which can describe the power supply ability of the BSS to support the DS restoration. Secondly, a mathematical model for the resilient DS restoration with coordination between BSSs and DGs is established, aiming to minimize the total system cost by optimally allocating BSSs and DGs during the restoration stage. The second-order cone programming (SOCP) relaxation is also adopted to transform the proposed restoration model into a mixed-integer convex formulation, which can be tractably solved. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted based on the modified IEEE 33-bus distribution test system. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for the service restoration and resilience enhancement of the DS.