Anticancer Effects of High Glucosinolate Synthesis Lines of Brassica rapa on Colorectal Cancer Cells

Chemoprevention is a method of health control in modern industrialized societies. Traditional breeding (hybridization) has been widely used to produce new (sub)species with beneficial phenotypes. Previously, we produced a number of doubled haploid (DH) lines of Brassica rapa with a high glucosinolate (GSL) content. In this study, we evaluated the anticancer activities of extracts from three selected high-GSL (HGSL)-containing DH lines (DHLs) of Brassica rapa in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. The three HGSL DHL extracts showed anti-proliferative activities in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium assay and pro-apoptotic activities in the cell cycle or annexin V analysis with the induction of pro-apoptotic protein expression in CRC cells. Mechanistically, HGSL DHL extracts inhibited the NF-kappa B and ERK pathways, leading to a reduction in the nuclear localization of NF-kappa B p65. In addition, reactive oxygen species were induced by HGSL DHL extract treatment in CRC cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that the newly developed HGSL DHLs possess enhanced anticancer activities and are potentially helpful as a daily vegetable supplement with chemopreventive activities.