Conversion of hydroxycinnamic acids by Furfurilactobacillus milii in sorghum fermentations: Impact on profile of phenolic compounds in sorghum and on ecological fitness of Ff. milii.

The conversion of phenolic compounds by lactobacilli in food fermentations contributes to food quality. The metabolism of phenolics by lactobacilli has been elucidated in the past years but information on the contribution of specific enzymes in food fermentations remains scarce. This study aimed to address this gap by disruption of genes coding for the hydroxycimmanic acid reductase Par1, the hydroxycinnamic acid decarboxylase Pad, the hydrocinnamic esterase EstR, and strains with disruption of all three genes in Furfurilactobacillus milii FUA3583. The conversion of phenolics by Ff. milii and its isogenic mutants in sorghum fermentations was studied by LC-UV and LC-UV-MS/MS analyses. Ff. milii FUA3583 converted hydroxycinnamic acids predominantly with Par1. Vinylphenols were detected only in mutants lacking par1. A phenotype for the estR defective mutant was not identified. The formation of pyrano-3-deoxyanthocyanidins was observed only after fermentation with strains expressing Pad. Specifically, formation of these compounds was low with Ff. milii FUA3583, substantially increased in the Par1 mutant and abolished in all mutants with disrupted pad. Competition experiments with Ff. milii FUA3583 and its isogenic mutants demonstrated that expression of one of the two metabolic pathways for hydroxycinnamic acids increases the ecological fitness of the strain. Disruption of EstR in a Delta par1 Delta par2 Delta pad background improved ecological fitness, indirectly demonstrating a phenotype of the esterase in Ff. milii. The documentation of the functionality of genes coding for conversion of hydroxycinnamic acids may support the selection of starter cultures for improved quality of fermented cereal products.