Triangle-free projective-planar graphs with diameter two: Domination and characterization

In 1975, Plesnik characterized all triangle-free planar graphs as having a diameter 2. We characterize all triangle-free projective-planar graphs having a diameter 2 and discuss some applications. In particular, the main result is applied to calculate the analogue of clique numbers for graphs, namely, colored mixed graphs, having different types of arcs and edges.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.