A survey of Energy-saving routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks.

In a battery-operated wireless sensor network, the power used for wireless communication of each sensor is the factor that has the greatest influence on the overall lifespan of the wireless sensor network. In such a wireless sensor network, if the first sensor is discharged, the entire network becomes very unstable. Existing studies have been conducted on the assumption that the initial battery capacity of all sensors in a wireless sensor network is the same. However, depending on the situation or environment, the initial battery capacity of all sensors may not be the same. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate existing studies that are being studied to extend the time interval (referred to as the stabilization period) before the first sensor is discharged, which is critical for many applications where feedback from the sensor network should be reliable in a sensor network.