Synthesis and characterization of Ni 0.5 Al 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles for potent antifungal activity against dry rot of ginger ( Fusarium oxysporum )

Current study signifies the use of nanoparticles as alternative in plant disease management to avoid harmful effect of pesticide and fungicide residue. Synthesis of nanoparticles (Ni 0.5 Al 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 ) by hydrothermal method and studied their X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectra, and UV spectra and further successfully evaluated for antifungal activity against a soil and seed borne pathogenic fungus ( Fusarium oxysporum ).Among various pests, fungal pathogens are the main cause of crop destruction and we developed nanoparticles (Ni 0.5 Al 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 ) which is successfully evaluated for antimycotic activity against dry rot ( F. oxysporum ) of ginger which causes 50–70% losses in the ginger plant. In vitro and in vivo analysis designated that the nanoparticles (Ni 0.5 Al 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 ) has shown an excellent antifungal activity against F. oxysporum at 0.5 mg/ml concentration. Similarly, no disease incidence was recorded when Ni 0.5 Al 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles used at 0.5 mg/ml concentration under in vivo conditions. In plants various environmental stresses (biotic and abiotic) leads to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing progressive oxidative damage and ultimately leads to cell death. The role of ROS in nanoparticles (Ni 0.5 Al 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 ) represents by reduction in the growth inhibition of F. oxysporum . We speculated in light of these results that the cytotoxic effect of Ni 0.5 Al 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles on F. oxysporum may be mediated through ROS. We can suggest the role of nanoparticles (Ni 0.5 Al 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 ) gives a promising result as a fungicidal activity and could be a novel family of future new generation fungicide.