Variation in knee balance as a function of hip-knee-ankle angle and joint line obliquity in robotic assisted total knee arthroplasty.

There is a high degree of variability in arthritic ML balance within and between each CPAK phenotype. A single alignment philosophy based on bony landmarks alone may not be sufficient to balance all knees. Utilisation of robotics and digital ligament tensioning devices serves as important adjuncts to characterize the patient-specific soft tissue profile.