Does a selenium and zinc nanoparticles support mitigation of multiple-stress in aquaculture?

Over last two decades, pollution and climate change are major global challenges for fisheries and aquaculture. It affects on fisheries and aquaculture sector and altered the growth, development and diversification of the fish. It exerts the stressful condition and affected growth and production of the fish. Focusing on the multiple stresses and their mitigation through new technology viz. nanotechnology can be boon for this sector for its development. Recently, the zinc nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) and selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) are using in fish feed which provide beneficial effect on fisheries and aquaculture and improved the fish health and their wellbeing. Zn-NPs and Se-NPs in dietary form has been investigated in different fish species for their efficacy to evaluate wellbeing of the aquatic organisms. Se-NPs and Zn-NPs have strong anti-oxidant properties including several biological functions viz. immunity, fertility, metabolism, catalyst for the several enzymes, wound healing, growth performance, and alleviation of oxidative stress in animal and fish. Se-NPs also have an important role in synthesis of selenoprotein in fish. Further, uses of nanotechnology can reduce the impact of biotic and abiotic stress in aquaculture and fisheries. This review has highlighted the updated information of recent development of Zn-NPs and Se-NPs for mitigation of multiple stresses in fish. In this study, we had covered primary, secondary and tertiary stress responses viz. hormone, anti-oxidative status, immunity, stress biomarkers and growth performance of the fish. Taking into consideration, this review report the mitigating role and potential toxicity of Se-NPs and Zn-NPs which covered the overall performance of the fish reared under abiotic and biotic stress.