Effects of Early versus Standard Central Line Removal on the Growth of Preterm Infants with Very Low Birth Weight: A Non-Inferiority, Randomized Clinical Trial

Very preterm infants are usually supported by parenteral nutrition delivered through central lines (CLs) while progressing with enteral intake, although the optimal time point for their removal is unclear. This study evaluated the impact of the CL discontinuation time on the short-term growth outcomes of preterm infants. A non-inferiority, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted in four neonatal intensive care units in Poland. Preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) without congenital abnormalities were eligible. Patients were allocated to discontinue central access at an enteral feeding volume of 100 mL/kg/day (intervention group) or 140 mL/kg/day (control group). The study's primary outcome was weight at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age, with a non-inferiority margin of -210 g. Overall, 211 patients were allocated to the intervention or control groups between January 2019 and February 2021, of which 101 and 100 were eligible for intention-to-treat analysis, respectively. The mean weight was 2232 g and 2200 g at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The mean between-group difference was 32 g (95% confidence interval, -68 to 132; p = 0.531), which did not cross the specified margin of non-inferiority. No intervention-related adverse events were observed. Early CL removal was non-inferior to the standard type for short-term growth outcomes in VLBW infants.