Tribological behaviour of PTFE composites: Interplay between reinforcement type and counterface material

In this paper, we studied the sliding wear behaviour of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based composites under conditions relevant to rotary seals. We specifically aimed to investigate the interactions between different particle-based reinforcements (lamellar or spheroidal bronze particles, PEEK particles) and different counterfaces (uncoated or Cr2O3-coated stainless steel), building upon our own previous work on fibre reinforced-composites to make up for the paucity of literature papers on the role of counterfaces. Pin-on-disc tests were performed under different load and speed conditions using spherical-tipped composite pins against coated or uncoated stainless steel discs to mimic the (initially) non-conformal, unidirectional sliding contact of lip seals. Though all composites attained a steady-state regime controlled by a tribochemical wear mechanism, namely tribofilm formation, there were significant differences among the tribofilms produced by different tribo-systems. Systems that released fine, oxidized metal debris (bronze-filled PTFE and/or uncoated counterpart) developed >1 μm thick, continuous tribofilms on both mating surfaces. Thickness and continuity of the tribofilm decreased with a non-wearable Cr2O3-coated counterpart and/or PEEK as a filler. The tribofilm was conducive to lower steady-state friction, but not lower wear, against stainless steel, whereas all performances (friction coefficient, specific wear rate) were levelled out with a Cr2O3-coated counterface.