A study to check the nephrotoxicity and blood biochemistry changes induced by pesticide Bifinthrin in Rabbits

Bifenthrin is an insecticide, commonly used for the protection of vegetables and fruits against different pests. Approximately 70 % of all Pakistan-grown fruits and vegetables are treated with Bifenthrin. The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential alterations in biochemical parameters, oxidative stress and histopathology in mammals due to Bifenthrin. Three different doses of Bifenthrin were used to study the changes in the rabbit kidney tissue. For this purpose, the test animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) with five animals in each group. G1 was the control group which was not treated with any dose. G2, G3 & G4 were orally administered Bifenthrin (10 EC) at the dose rate of 1/5th, 1/10th and 1/15th of LD50 Kg(-1) body weight for 14 consecutive days with five replications in each group. After 14 days of treatment, the animals were weighed and dissected to observe the biochemical and histological changes. The groups which were treated with the Bifenthrin showed a decrease in weight. The level of TL (plasma total lipids), TG (triglycerides), LDL (low density lipoprotein), VLDL (Very low density lipoprotein) and cholesterol increase while the level of HDL (high density lipoprotein) decreased with high doses of Bifenthrin. There was a significant reduction in the level of oxidative stress parameters (superoxide dismutase activity, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activity, and glutathione S -transferase) activity in the tissues of kidneys with the increase in insecticide dose. The kidney function test activities (creatinine, urea, uric acid) increased significantly with the increasing dose of Bifenthrin. Results showed that the level of Hb (haemoglobin), TEC (total erythrocyte count) and PVC (packed cell volume) decreased while the level of TLC (Total leukocytes count) increased with high doses of insecticide. The histology of the kidneys showed normal, mild, moderate, and severe congestion of glomerulus tuft, swelling of bowman capsule, congestion of peritubular capillaries, and evasive structure of renal corpuscles in Gl, G2, G3, and G4 of animals groups respectively. Hence, Bifenthrin has a potential to induce severe oxidative stress and Histopathological changes in the kidney of rabbits. Conclusively, Bifenthrin is a profoundly toxic agent for mammals including human beings as present study has unveiled the deleterious impacts of Bifenthrin on rabbits in terms of kidney functioning and blood biochemistry.