Real-Time Deubiquitination Assays Using a Free Ubiquitin Sensor.

Deubiquitinating enzymes cleave ubiquitin (Ub) from its attachment to another Ub, other proteins, peptides, or non-peptide adducts. In all cases, substrate hydrolysis by DUBs releases free Ub or polyubiquitin (polyUb) chains. Whereas most quantitative DUB assays depend on fluorescently labeled artificial substrates, employing a sensor able to detect Ub release in real time makes it possible to monitor DUB activity using virtually any Ub conjugate as a substrate. The protocols here describe the preparation of Atto532-tUI, a high-affinity sensor for free Ub, and its use in real-time deubiquitination assays.