In vitro acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase inhibitory potentials of secondary metabolites from Euphorbia schimperiana and Euphorbia balsamifera .

Acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, and -glucosidase inhibition activities of and  extracts, fractions, and available pure compounds were evaluated for the first time. Acetylcholinesterase assay revealed a significant inhibitory activity of total extract and -hexane fraction with 47.7% and 43.3%, respectively, compared to the reference drug, which was 75%. The -butanol fraction demonstrated tyrosinase inhibitory activity for and with 36.7% and 29.7%, respectively, compared to 60% for the reference drug. Quercetin-3--glucuronide, quercetin-3--glucuronide-methyl ester, quercetin-3--rhamnoside, 3,3'-di--methyl ellagic acid, 3,3'-methyl-ellagic acid-4--xylopyranoside, and 4--ethyl gallic acid were identified from while quercetin-3--glucopyranoside and isoorientin were determined from . The AChE inhibitory effect of pure compounds exhibited promising activity, where 4--ethylgallic acid demonstrated 51.1%, while the highest tyrosinase inhibition was demonstrated by isoorientin with 50.6% compared to the reference drug (60%). Finally, a molecular docking study was performed for the most promising AChE and tyrosinase inhibitors. The extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds showed no α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.