Mechanisms and pharmacotherapy of hypertension associated with type 2 diabetes

The interacting risk factors/disease mechanisms that drive the pathogenesis of hypertension and co-morbid Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus that ultimately lead to both micro/macrovascular complications. Also, presented are evidence-based treatments with shown cardiovascular benefit that may help halt micro/macrovascular complications of Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension. The “Western Diet” is characterized by a diet high in saturated fats, sodium, and refined carbohydrates and low in fiber, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Abbreviations: AGE/RAGE, advanced glycation end-products/receptor for advanced glycation end-products; IL6, interleukin-6; miRNA, microRNA; miRNA-155, microRNA-155; NO, nitric oxide; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; SNS, sympathetic nervous system.