Robust Allocation of FACTS Devices in Coordinated Transmission and Generation Expansion Planning considering Renewable Resources and Demand Response Programs

Nowadays, the use of demand response programs (DRPs) in a variety of long-term and short-term planning problems has been explored. In this paper, a generation and transmission expansion planning (GTEP) model along with FACTS device allocation is presented. Furthermore, demand response programs are taken into account for more load flexibility. The proposed model is presented as a multi-objective minimizing problem considering emission, cost, and voltage security index. Furthermore, the conventional Pareto optimization is adopted using fuzzy weighted sum method (FWSM) to achieve a single-objective model. The final problem is constrained by equations of alternative current power flow, operation and voltage security limits, planning model of shunt FACTS devices, and operation of the DRP. Adaptive robust optimization (ARO) is used to reach suitable models for the active power of renewable resources and power consumption. As a main search algorithm, a hybrid combination of water cycle algorithm (WCA) and ant lion optimization (ALO) is proposed to find the optimum solution with a small standard deviation. The problem is tested on different standard IEEE systems, and the results validate the operation and network security improvement due to optimal location of FACTS devices. According to the results, the economic and environmental status of the network has also improved.