Quantifying the surface modification induced by the argon cluster ion bombardment of KGd(WO4)2: Nd single crystal

Materials Research Bulletin(2023)

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摘要
•Gas cluster ion bombardment is applied for finishing of KGd(WO4)2:Nd crystal surface.•The surface state was evaluated using XPS, Raman spectroscopy and XRD techniques.•No substantial damage to the subsurface crystal structure was observed.
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关键词
KGd(WO4)2:Nd,Crystal surface,Cluster ion bombardment,XPS,X-ray diffraction
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