Biological approaches of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets using Pleurotus sajor caju extract and its in vitro pharmaceutical applications

In recent times, sources of fungus serve as reducing agents to synthesize nanomaterials for the next generation through efficient, sustainable green chemistry techniques. rGO (reduced graphene oxide) is one of the next-generation nanomaterials used in biomedicine to develop biocompatible materials of nano size. In this investigation, Pleurotus sajor caju extract has been used to synthesize reduced graphene oxide. Analytical techniques including UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR SEM, EDAX, and HR-TEM were used to characterize the Pleurotus sajor caju reduced graphene oxide (PSC-rGO). Thin sheets of PSC-rGO of nano-size were evident from the microscopic analysis. Elemental analysis of PSC-rGO infers the composition of carbon and oxygen as 58.19% and 41.81%, respectively. The synthesized PSC-rGO showed the potential highest growth inhibition of antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.2 ± 0.1), E. coli (9.1 ± 0.3), K. pneumoniae (9.1 ± 0.2), S. pneumoniae (8.2 ± 0.4), and B. cereus (8. 2 ± 0.3 mm) followed by other tested bacteria. When the cell viability (69.7%) decreases at a maximum concentration of PSC-rGO (100 µg/mL), the MTT assay showed concentration-dependent cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer (MCF-7). It is observed that the biosynthesized rGO nanosheets from P. sajor caju extract can be used to formulate nanomedicine.