Simultaneous non-invasive gas analysis in artificial photosynthesis reactions using rotational Raman spectroscopy

Optimising reactions in artificial photosynthesis research requires screening of many reaction and operation parameters, which is often resource-intense and time-consuming. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a rotational Raman-based spectrometer for non-invasive quantification of several gases (H-2, O-2, N-2, CO, CO2) with short analysis times (15 s), enabling high throughput screening. Furthermore, with this device, reaction progress can be monitored in situ, by real-time simultaneous quantification of multiple gases. We have applied this instrument and developed a method to study the O-2 dependency of a prototypic light-driven hydrogen evolution reaction, showcasing the value of this approach for the artificial photosynthesis community in general.