Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia

Iosif Lazaridis,Songul Alpaslan-Roodenberg,Ayse Acar, Amen Acikkol,Anagnostis Agelarakis,Levon Aghikyan,Ugur Akyuz,Desislava Andreeva,Gojko Andrijasevic,Dragana Antonovic,Ian Armit,Alper Atmaca,Pavel Avetisyan,Ahmet Ihsan Aytek,Krum Bacvarov,Ruben Badalyan,Stefan Bakardzhiev,Jacqueline Balen,Lorenc Bejko,Rebecca Bernardos,Andreas Bertsatos,Hanifi Biber,Ahmet Bilir,Mario Bodruzic,Michelle Bonogofsky,Clive Bonsall,Dusan Boric,Nikola Borovinic,Guillermo Bravo Morante,Katharina Buttinger,Kim Callan,Francesca Candilio,Mario Caric,Olivia Cheronet,Stefan Chohadzhiev,Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou,Stella Chryssoulaki,Ion Ciobanu,Natalija Condic,Mihai Constantinescu,Emanuela Cristiani,Brendan J. Culleton,Elizabeth Curtis,Jack Davis,Tatiana Demcenco,Valentin Dergachev,Zafer Derin,Sylvia Deskaj,Seda Devejyan,Vojislav Djordjevic,Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson,Laurie R. Eccles,Nedko Elenski,Atilla Engin,Nihat Erdogan,Sabiha Erir-Pazarci,Daniel M. Fernandes,Matthew Ferry,Suzanne Freilich,Alin Frinculeasa,Michael L. Galaty,Beatriz Gamarra,Boris Gasparyan,Bisserka Gaydarska,Elif Genc,Timur Gultekin,Serkan Gunduz,Tamas Hajdu,Volker Heyd,Suren Hobosyan,Nelli Hovhannisyan,Iliya Iliev,Lora Iliev,Stanislav Iliev,Ilkay Ivgin,Ivor Jankovic,Lence Jovanova,Panagiotis Karkanas,Esra Hilal Kaya,Denise Keating,Douglas J. Kennett,Seda Deniz Kesici,Anahit Khudaverdyan,Krisztian Kiss,Sinan Kilic,Paul Klostermann,Sinem Kostak Boca Negra Valdes,Sasa Kovacevic,Marta Krenz-Niedbala,Maja Krznaric Skrivanko,Rovena Kurti,Pasko Kuzman,Ann Marie Lawson,Catalin Lazar,Krassimir Leshtakov,Thomas E. Levy,Ioannis Liritzis,Kirsi O. Lorentz,Sylwia Lukasik,Matthew Mah,Swapan Mallick,Kirsten Mandl,Kristine Martirosyan-Olshansky,Roger Matthews,Wendy Matthews,Kathleen McSweeney,Varduhi Melikyan,Adam Micco,Megan Michel,Lidija Milasinovic,Alissa Mittnik,Janet M. Monge,Georgi Nekhrizov,Rebecca Nicholls,Alexey G. Nikitin,Vassil Nikolov,Mario Novak,Inigo Olalde,Jonas Oppenheimer,Anna Osterholtz,Celal Ozdemir,Kadir Toykan Ozdogan,Nurettin Ozturk,Nikos Papadimitriou,Niki Papakonstantinou,Anastasia Papathanasiou,Lujana Paraman,Evgeny G. Paskary,Nick Patterson,Ilian Petrakiev,Levon Petrosyan,Vanya Petrova,Anna Philippa-Touchais,Ashot Piliposyan,Nada Pocuca Kuzman,Hrvoje Potrebica,Bianca Preda-Balanica, Zrinka Premuzic,T. Douglas Price,Lijun Qiu,Sinisa Radovic,Kamal Raeuf Aziz,Petra Rajic Sikanjic,Kamal Rasheed Raheem,Sergei Razumov,Amy Richardson,Jacob Roodenberg,Rudenc Ruka,Victoria Russeva,Mustafa Sahin,AySegul Sarbak,Emre SavaS,Constanze Schattke,Lynne Schepartz,Tayfun Selcuk,Ayla Sevim-Erol,Michel Shamoon-Pour,Henry M. Shephard,Athanasios Sideris,Angela Simalcsik,Hakob Simonyan,Vitalij Sinika,Kendra Sirak,Ghenadie Sirbu,Mario Slaus,Andrei Soficaru,Bilal Sogut,Arkadiusz Soltysiak,Maria Stathi,Martin Steskal,Kristin Stewardson,Sharon Stocker,Fadime Suata-Alpaslan,Alexander Suvorov,Anna Szecsenyi-Nagy,Tamas Szeniczey,Nikolai Telnov,Strahil Temov,Nadezhda Todorova,Ulsi Tota,Gilles Touchais,Sevi Triantaphyllou,Atila Turker,Marina Ugarkovic,Todor Valchev,Fanica Veljanovska,Zlatko Videvski,Cristian Virag,Anna Wagner,Sam Walsh,Piotr Wlodarczak,J. Noah Workman,Aram Yardumian,Evgenii Yarovoy,Alper Yener Yavuz,Hakan Yilmaz,Fatma Zalzala,Anna Zettl,Zhao Zhang,Rafet CavuSoglu,Nadin Rohland,Ron Pinhasi,David Reich,Ruben Davtyan

SCIENCE（2022）

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摘要

We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia.

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ancient dna,neolithic migrations,mesopotamia,pre-pottery

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