Growth and electrical properties of lead-free ferroelectric single crystal Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3

Ferroelectric materials have been widely used in fields such as capacitors and transducers. A lead-free fermelectric single crystal (Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3) was grown by an improved Czochralski method. The composition of the crystal was verified by quantitative analysis. The basic electrical properties such as ferroelectric and dielectric of the Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3 crystals along different orientations have been investigated. A complete set of dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic parameters were characterized by the dynamic resonance method. BCT crystal along the <001> orientation has the largest piezoelectric constants. Its d(33), d(31) and d(15) were 204 pC/N, -58.3 pC/N and 156.7 pC/N, respectively, and the coupling coefficients are k(33), k(31), k(15), k(t) were 71%, 30%, 45%, 50%, respectively. These values are better than barium titanate (BT) crystal. At the same time, BCT crystal also has a higher dielectric constant and lower dielectric loss like barium titanate.