Coordinated Optimal Operation for Building Microgrid Considering Hybrid Storage and Demand Response

The integration of photovoltaics (PVs) and hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in building microgrid has provided potential benefit for residents and system operator. However,the economic and reliable operation of building microgrid needs to consider the randomness and intermittent nature of PVs and loads. This paper proposes a two-level model predictive control energy management system (EMS) consider-ing HESS and demand response. The upper level problem aims at minimizing operational cost of building microgrid, and the lower level problem aims at eliminating power fluctuations. In addition, real-time energy price and demand charging costs are also included in the EMS issue. Simulation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.