Compound C Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Progression via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-NF kappa B Pathway

Epithelial Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies in the United States, with most patients diagnosed at late stages. High-grade serous cancer (HGSC) is the most common and lethal subtype. Despite aggressive surgical debulking and chemotherapy, recurrence of chemo-resistant disease occurs in similar to 80% of patients. Thus, developing therapeutics that not only targets OvCa cell survival, but also target their interactions within their unique peritoneal tumor microenvironment (TME) is warranted. Herein, we report therapeutic efficacy of compound C (also known as dorsomorphin) with a novel mechanism of action in OvCa. We found that CC not only inhibited OvCa growth and invasiveness, but also blunted their reciprocal crosstalk with macrophages, and mesothelial cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that compound C exerts its effects on OvCa cells through inhibition of PI3K-AKT-NF kappa B pathways, whereas in macrophages and mesothelial cells, CC inhibited cancer-cell-induced canonical NF kappa B activation. We further validated the specificity of the PI3K-AKT-NF kappa B as targets of compound C by overexpression of constitutively active subunits as well as computational modeling. In addition, real-time monitoring of OvCa cellular bioenergetics revealed that compound C inhibits ATP production, mitochondrial respiration, and non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Importantly, compound C significantly decreased tumor burden of OvCa xenografts in nude mice and increased their sensitivity to cisplatin-treatment. Moreover, compound C re-sensitized patient-derived resistant cells to cisplatin. Together, our findings highlight compound C as a potent multi-faceted therapeutic in OvCa.