Further advances in models and methods for digital twins of plants

Nowadays precision farming techniques uses modern machinery and numerous information technologies such as geolocation and autonomation, IoT, remote sensing. Some of them are designed to collect more data from the crop and soil, which will be the basis to support decisions and perform exact dosing at an exact place and time. The paper discusses a multilevel cybernetic plant model implemented in a smart digital twin of plants as a source of data from the crop in the field. It focuses on development of a model for stage calculation and yield forecast of a digital twin, as well as simulation of plant crops. Described realization of digital twin is aimed to implement precision farming technologies by accurate and adequate decision-making in crop cultivation process. The paper proposes to represent plant model as a complex adaptive system based on ontologies and multi-agent technologies. Scope of digital twins of plants could be widen for various crops due to use of knowledge bases of crop cultivation, which describe the rules of growth and development process for each specie in particular. Designed prototype of digital twin of winter wheat is illustrated in the paper. It also discusses the prospects of developing a digital ecosystem – the digital twin of real biogeocenosis and ecosystem of plant crops.