Review of carbon dioxide utilization technologies and their potential for industrial application

With the evermore increasing interest in climate change world-wide, various studies are being conducted with the aim of reducing CO2 emissions. The Paris Agreement vows a decrease of carbon emissions by 32 % until 2050, and thus strategic pathways have to be set to achieve this immense goal. Carbon dioxide utilization (CDU) technologies are deemed as one of the most practical methods to achieve large amounts of CO2 reduction, but careful analysis and application plans are required to obtain the maximum efficiency regarding CO2 emissions reduction. In this paper, various CDU technologies are reviewed in terms of efficiency, maturity, and cost. First the various CDU technologies are sorted according to their application status and the CO2 utilization capacity of the technology. Then each of the technologies are reviewed in detail, then their current maturity and potential for long-term usage are reviewed regarding the various studies conducted world-wide. Finally, insight is provided on how the various methods can be integrated to practically achieve the CO2 emission reduction goal. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current CDU status, and to possibly give insight into the practical applications and future strategies for achieving a net-zero environment.