Reproducibility of Three-Dimensional Volumetric Measurement of Periocular Tumor Models

Introduction In this study, we measured the volume of customized tumor models in the periocular area using three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry and evaluated the reproducibility of these measurements. Methods Five tumor models of different colors and sizes were placed in different periocular positions, and 3D facial images were obtained from 68 healthy adult volunteers. Subsequently, the volumes of the tumor models were measured, and the intra- and interrater reproducibility was assessed. Results The gray 6 mm model revealed the highest reliable measurements in both Caucasians (intra- and interrater intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.981 and 0.899, mean absolute difference of 1.446 and 3.327 mm 3 , relative error measurement of 3.497% and 8.120%, technical error of measurement of 1.450 and 3.105 mm 3 , and relative technical error of measurement of 3.506% and 7.580%) and Asians (0.968 and 0.844, 1.974 and 4.067 mm 3 , 4.772% and 9.526%, 2.100 and 4.302 mm 3 , and 5.076% and 10.076%, respectively). The highest reliability of measurements in the lateral upper eyelid (0.88 and 0.95, 4.042 and 3.626 mm 3 , 9.730% and 9.020%, 5.714 and 3.358 mm 3 , and 9.730% and 8.350%, respectively) and medial upper eyelid (0.81 and 0.89, 4.313 and 4.226 mm 3 , 9.730% and 9.020%, 6.098 and 4.069 mm 3 , and 9.730% and 8.350%, respectively) with eyes closed was evident in Caucasians, while the same trend (0.841 and 0.815, 2.828 and 3.757 mm 3 , 9.860% and 9.840%, 4.052 and 4.308 mm 3 , and 9.860% and 9.740%, respectively) was observed in Asians in the medial canthus with eyes closed. Conclusions This study confirms, for the first time, the high reliability of periocular tumor volume measurements using 3D stereophotogrammetry, suggesting its feasibility for eyelid tumor measurement. Further trials are required to investigate its clinical use for documentation and follow-up of different eyelid tumors.