A Lagrangian vortex method for smoke simulation with two-way fluid–solid coupling

We propose a pure Lagrangian vortex particle dynamics framework to simulate the various phenomena of turbulent smoke and two-way coupling between fluid and solid. In the framework, we model the fluid using vorticity and velocity fields that are discretized on the vortex particles. We extend a segment-based vortex stretching strategy with the subdivision of long segments to capture the fine details of smoke while maintaining good numerical stability. In addition, a vorticity field correction mechanism based on the merging and splitting of particles is proposed to avoid excessive particle counts and reduce the associated unnecessary computational overhead. We also present a fast and approximate two-way coupling method for simulating the interaction between solid and fluid. Our method can be used to solve various fluid phenomena, including Kármán vortex streets, jets, and some examples of two-way fluid–solid coupling.