Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for ingrowth occlusion after bilateral metal stent placement for malignant hilar biliary obstruction: a prospective pilot study

Endoscopic biliary RFA elicited promising results, with good long-term stent patency and without the requirement of any additional stent placement, for the palliation of ingrowth occlusion after bilateral SEMS placement. However, the clinical success rate was insufficient, necessitating improvements in the future. (Clinical trial registration number: UMIN000040154.).