Typology of Household Adaptations to Infrastructure System Service Interruptions

When infrastructure system services are interrupted, households implement adaptations to address needs that were previously met by the infrastructure system. In this paper, we introduce the Household Adaptations to Service Interruption (HASI) typology, which offers a new way to systematically enumerate, organize, and describe adaptations. Development of the typology was guided by a desire to better understand the implementation and effects of adaptations—who undertakes them, when, under what circumstances, and with what consequences. These, in turn, depend on tradeoffs between the replacement service provided by an adaptation and the requirements to implement it. The HASI typology, thus, includes two parts: (1) the main groupings, which have a hierarchical structure, and (2) additional