Validated simulation models in pediatric surgery: A review

This review evaluates the validation and availability of simulation models in the field of pediatric surgery that can be used for training purposes.MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies describing a simulation models in pediatric surgery. Articles were included if face, content and/or construct validity was described. Additionally, the costs and availability were assessed. Validation scores for each model were depicted as percentage (0-100), based on the reported data, to compare the outcomes. A score of >70% was considered adequate.Forty-three studies were identified, describing the validation process of 38 simulation models. Face validity was evaluated in 33 articles, content in 36 and construct in 19. Twenty-two models received adequate validation scores (>70%). The majority (27/38, 70%) was strictly inanimate. Five models were available for purchase and eleven models were replicable based on the article.The number of validated inanimate simulation models for pediatric surgery procedures is growing, however, few are replicable or available for widespread training purposes.Level II.