A parameterized g-code compiler for scaffolds 3D bioprinting

Parameterization of geometries for g-code compiling arises as an attractive option to control 3D printers. Based on the geometry of the object to be fabricated, and the construction platform, or the container where de material will be deposited, tool-paths can be obtained and compiled in the g-code format. This last includes the tool-path coordinates and all the process parameters. Thus, without the need for CAD(Computer-Aided Design) software or slicers, it is possible to obtain g-code files quickly. This article reports the development of a g-code compiler software called BioScaffolds PG V2.0.; it is compatible with open-source desktop 3D printers and is oriented to be used in the 3D bioprinting field by material extrusion processes. The software was programmed using the VB.NET language and enables the scaffolds fabrication in the construction platform, inside Petri dishes, or in cell culture plates. The deposition process was also parameterized; it is calculated as a function of the tool-path and considers the mass conservation according to the printing head geometry. The graphical user interface allows easily set the process and geometrical parameters to generate a g-code file. As validated through CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) simulations and hydrogel samples fabrication, the parameterized g-codes were successfully compiled. First, the hydrogel-based ink was formulated and rheologically characterized. Then, it was used to test the software in a desktop 3D printer. Once validated, the ink was used to formulate a bioink to perform a 3D bioprinting validation. The in vitro qualitative and quantitative assays were performed using Incucyte live-cell analysis up to 4 days of culture. The results showed cellular proliferation in the printed samples, which is a promising in vitro result. Then, considering that open-source 3D printers are widely used for bioprinting, this free software could help to expand and automate applications in this field.