Novel Approaches in Tropical Forests Mapping and Monitoring-Time for Operationalization

For more than three decades, the remote sensing scientific community has successfully generated predictive models of tropical forest attributes and ecological processes at the leaf, canopy, patch and landscape scale by linking field-measured data to remotely sensed spectral values, as well as other variables derived from remotely sensed data. The main interest of these applications is to help describe ecological and functional patterns occurring at larger geographic scales with sufficient accuracy and precision and enable scientists to better understand ecological processes, such as the relationship between atmospheric fluxes, plant structural and ecophysiological traits, soil attributes, anthropogenic use, species occurrence and animal movement. However, as the earth’s environment suffers from ever-increasing human use and abuse, detecting spatiotemporal changes in these variables has become a necessary decision-making tool in conservation action and natural resources’ management. Moving from modeling into the study of soil, plants, wildlife and socioecological processes using remotely sensed data requires the extrapolation of single time-step models to its application on a time series of data with the same expected accuracy. The challenges in this matter are not trivial, since changes in soil moisture conditions, cloud contamination, canopy and leaf-level geometry and physiology can affect the strength of the proposed models. In this context, the term ‘Operationalization’ refers to migration from single time-step models to time series but also refers to the design and implementation of user-friendly tools to increase the efficacy of communicating spatiotemporal trends to the users. [...]