Inorganic nanomaterial-reinforced hydrogel membrane as an artificial periosteum

•Surface modification of Sr/Fe:HAp nanomaterials with photo-cross-linkable gelatin methacrylate improved the dispersion and crosslinking efficacy of nanomaterials in the hydrogel.•The co-cross-linking approach of nanocomposite hydrogel membrane enhanced the biomechanical properties.•The fabricated GelMA-MSr/Fe:HAp nanocomposite hydrogel membrane as regenerative periosteum.•This artificial periosteum exhibits superior angiogenesis and neo-bone formation in vivo.•The co-cross-linking of gelatin and Sr/Fe:HAp provides a new potential for bone tissue engineering.