Pregnancy outcomes in patients with Budd–Chiari syndrome: A tertiary care experience

Background Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) is associated with infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes in affected females. Scant literature is available on the effect of an endovascular intervention on fertility and the outcome of future pregnancies in these patients. Aims To assess the infertility rates, maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy and effect of endovascular intervention in women with BCS. Methods In this retrospective analysis, 121 female patients with BCS attending our liver clinic from 2017 to 2020 were included. Demographic details, intervention details, pregnancies — pre- and post-intervention — and fetal outcomes were noted. Results BCS was diagnosed pre-conception in 58 women (group 1; median age: 22 years), during/after pregnancy, but before completion of family in 39 (group 2; median age: 27 years), and after completion of family in 24 (group 3; median age: 34 years). Median Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores were 7 and 12, respectively. The primary infertility rate was 19.8% (24/121). In group 1, 15 women with primary infertility underwent endovascular intervention with 5/15 (33%) women conceiving subsequently, resulting in four live births and seven abortions. In group 2, five women developed BCS during pregnancy and 11 postpartum; 11/39 had a history of one or more abortions. Overall, 8/34 (23.5%) who underwent endovascular intervention had 4/8 (50%) successful pregnancies. In group 3, no patient had any major complications during past pregnancies. The mode of delivery was vaginal in 88% of cases. No congenital anomaly/major bleeding episodes/decompensation/maternal mortality occurred. Conclusions Infertility is common in patients with BCS. Pregnancy is well-tolerated in those with compensated liver disease.